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CIDERS: Cloud-Edge LLM Collaborative Learning via Accelerating Personalized Bilevel Optimization

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 14, 2026 · UTC

Amid the rapid advancement of physical-world intelligence, cloud-edge collaborative large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising roadmap for practical LLM deployment. However, existing cloud-edge paradigms struggle to balance global consensus with local personalization, which fails to satisfy the need for a unified knowledge foundation on the cloud and domain-specific adaptation at the edge. To address this, we introduce, for the first time, a personalized bilevel optimization framework that formalizes cloud-edge LLM collaboration as a dual structure: the upper level optimizes edge

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