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A Multi-Stage Agentic Framework for Effective Counter-Narrative Generation and Refinement

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 12, 2026 · UTC

The rapid diffusion of hate speech and misinformation on social networks challenges democratic societies, since direct suppression efforts may deepen polarization, fuel public distrusts, and strengthen extremist narratives. LLM-driven counter-narratives (CNs) offer a promising way to reduce those risks, yet their effectiveness depends on rhetorical and stylistic choices that remain poorly understood. We present a multi-stage agent-based framework for generating, refining, and evaluating CNs, applied to pro-Russian hate and misinformation narratives on the war with Ukraine and adaptable to othe

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Evidence & attribution

First collected: 2026-09-20T12:41:04.663Z. This is not the publication date.