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DCEO: Direct Causal Effect Optimization for Long-Term User Value Modeling in E-commerce Search

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 26, 2026 · UTC

Industrial e-commerce search systems ultimately aim to optimize the user-level long-term objective, such as n-day cumulative purchases or gross merchandise value (GMV) per user. However, such objectives are defined at the user level, whereas search ranking is based on item-level scores within each request. Existing methods typically bridge this granularity gap through manually designed multi-objective fusion, where predictions of multiple item-level objectives, such as clicks, carts, purchases, and transaction value, are combined into a ranking score that serves as a proxy for the ultimate obj

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