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COGTRL: Training LLMs for Scientific Discovery Assistance using Cognitive Traces via Reinforcement Learning

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 31, 2026 · UTC

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on extensive scientific research are increasingly integrated as assistants for scientific discovery. However, most research papers omit the fine-grained cognitive process of examining constraints, failed alternatives, and iterative decisions required to achieve the desired goal. Such cognitive processes are vital for real-world scientists working toward specific goals under constraints. In this paper, we show that LLMs, when trained to produce such cognitive traces, perform better as scientific discovery assistants than when trained solely on scientific lit

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