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Measuring AI Accountability Through Argumentation Analysis: Can Model Reasoning Withstand Scrutiny?

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 4, 2026 · UTC

AI oversight methods rely on ground truth for validation, but what constitutes appropriate AI behavior is contested. This leaves evaluation of moral reasoning in LLMs and debate-based oversight implicitly avoiding realistic ambiguity. We investigate an alternative standard designed to function despite such ambiguity: structural quality of the defence a model can mount for its verdicts in response to critical questions, measured through a four-phase dialectical protocol grounded in Walton's theory of argumentation schemes and Govier's criteria for argument cogency. The protocol is adaptive to d

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