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Charts Are Beyond Pixels: Probing for Layer-Wise Chart Understanding and Editing

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 8, 2026 · UTC

Charts are structured visual compositions whose elements have distinct functional roles, semantic correspondences, and visibility relations. This structural view motivates evaluating whether models can understand and manipulate charts at the layer level. Existing chart benchmarks, however, primarily assess the correctness or fidelity of final outputs and do not directly evaluate these layer-wise behaviors. We present LayerWiseBench, a benchmark organized around three core concepts, layer attribution, layer binding, and visibility ordering, that structure its chart-understanding and chart-editi

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