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The Emerging AI Paper-Review Arms Race: Adversarial Co-Evolution in Scholarly Publishing

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 7, 2026 · UTC

Generative and agentic AI are reshaping both the production and evaluation of scientific research. These developments are often studied separately, as questions of how AI can produce research and how AI can review it. We argue that this separation misses an increasingly important feature of scholarly publishing: changes on one side alter the incentives, constraints, and behavior of the other. We synthesize 230 scholarly publications and institutional records using a taxonomy of six connected dynamics: production scaling, evaluation automation, evaluation manipulation, defense mechanisms and po

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