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Object Counting Across Modalities: Taxonomies, Benchmarks, Applications, and Open Challenges

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 24, 2026 · UTC

Object-counting methods have rapidly shifted from class-specific density regression to open-vocabulary, foundation-model-backed counters. These methods now enumerate instances from various visual and textual prompts. While this shift marks major conceptual progress, our survey argues that claims of universal generality have outpaced the evaluative infrastructure. Most progress metrics rely on a few saturated benchmarks that models exploit for statistical regularities. Newly introduced diagnostic datasets reveal systematic failures in semantic grounding, temporal identity, and spatial reasoning

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