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Conserved Immune Topology Improves Pathology Foundation Model Generalization for Cross-Cancer MSI-H Prediction

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 4, 2026 · UTC

Pathology foundation models integrated with multiple instance learning achieve competitive accuracy within single-cancer cohorts, yet cross-cancer generalization remains unresolved due to organ-specific histological and architectural differences. In this paper, we propose Conserved Immune Topology (CIT), a lightweight spatial representation for cross-cancer MSI-H prediction that augments foundation-model embeddings with biologically motivated immune descriptors. CIT uses unsupervised clustering to identify immune-associated tiles, then encodes tertiary lymphoid structures, peritumoral immune r

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