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MARBO: Relational Belief Grounding for LLM Agents in Social Deduction Games

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 6, 2026 · UTC

Social deduction games (SDGs) require agents to reason under partial observability by maintaining relational beliefs about hidden roles and team alignments. While recent LLM-agent approaches improve gameplay through prompting and preference optimization, they often optimize actions and in-game speech without explicitly grounding them in such beliefs. This frequently leads to strategically inconsistent behavior, especially for compact LLM agents. We introduce Multi-Agent Relational Belief Optimization (MARBO), a belief-grounded preference optimization framework that leverages relational beliefs

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