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Importance and methods to control, vary, and characterize mud strength for studying locomotion

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 1, 2026 · UTC

Animals and robots encounter mud at the water-land interface. Like sand, mud can stay solid or flow like a fluid. Unlike sand, the yield strength of mud at which solid-fluid transitions occur depends on not only the amount of solid relative to fluid (water in mud, air in dry sand), but also how much coarse grains and fine clay are within the solid. Despite understanding of locomotion on/within dry sand dominated by coarse grains with repulsive normal forces and friction, little is known for mud dominated by fine clay with strong cohesion. Here, we developed methods to prepare uniform mud of co

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First collected: 2026-09-21T06:21:59.299Z. This is not the publication date.