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MedAgent-R1: Faithfulness-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Evidence-Grounded Medical Reasoning

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 31, 2026 · UTC

When medical AI systems hallucinate clinical reasoning, the consequences extend beyond incorrect answers: fabricated justifications that superficially reference retrieved evidence can mislead clinicians into unsafe treatment decisions. Medical reasoning agents must therefore produce not only correct answers but also faithful justifications that clinicians can verify against cited evidence. We identify a systematic failure mode in RL-trained retrieval agents: outcome-only rewards improve accuracy while degrading faithfulness, a phenomenon we term confident hallucination. The agent learns to ans

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