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Label-Free Foundational Model Selection for Medical Image Classification under Distribution Shift via Pseudo Label Discrepancy

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 26, 2026 · UTC

Foundation models are increasingly deployed for medical image analysis. However, under the inter-institutional distribution shift typical of deployment, their performance varies widely and cannot be known without target-domain labels, which are rarely available. This leaves a practical question unresolved: given several candidate foundational models and labeled-data from a source domain, which one to deploy in an unlabeled target domain? We propose a label-free selection criterion built on SUDO, a framework for evaluating clinical AI systems without ground-truth annotations. SUDO partitions th

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