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Freehand Sketching for End-User Programming of Robot Swarms

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 10, 2026 · UTC

Robot swarms are increasingly used in applications where accessible interaction with non-expert users is desirable. This paper investigates freehand sketching as an end-user programming interface for specifying robot swarm geometries. Users communicate spatial intent through a drawing, while the swarm autonomously extracts target formation points, constructs a rigid formation graph, assigns robots to formation nodes, and executes distributed formation control with a guarantee against unintended reflected formations. The resulting sketch-to-swarm framework is evaluated through a human study exa

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First collected: 2026-09-20T19:12:12.556Z. This is not the publication date.