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When Compliance Data Masquerades as Evaluation: Measurement Validity for Deployed AI Systems

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 12, 2026 · UTC

We argue that a recurring failure in the evaluation of deployed AI systems occurs when data collected for operational monitoring or regulatory compliance are interpreted as if they were designed for comparative evaluation. Automated driving provides a concrete example of this problem. U.S. disengagement and crash-reporting regimes produce valuable operational evidence, but differences in reporting scope, exposure, deployment domain, event capture, and comparator construction limit the safety claims that can be supported from these measurements alone. We frame this issue as a measurement-validi

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Evidence & attribution

First collected: 2026-09-20T16:41:15.630Z. This is not the publication date.