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Socrates went Nuclear: Comparing Interaction Strategies for AI systems in a Learning Context using Brain Sensing

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 1, 2026 · UTC

Does unrestricted AI access bypass the cognitive effort required for learning, or does it streamline knowledge acquisition? This paper reports on a study where we compare three designs for user-AI interaction in a learning context: (1) an unrestricted conversational bot like ChatGPT, (2) a pedagogically constrained bot that guides through hints without giving final answers, which we refer to as the Socratic mode; and (3) a non-conversational adaptive tutoring system that adjusts difficulty in real-time based on the user's cognitive engagement derived from the brain signals. Fifty study partici

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