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Unrepresented Litigant Misled by ChatGPT-Generated False Legal Citations in Manchester Court

AI Incident Database · article · May 28, 2023 · UTC

A litigant in person (LiP) in a Manchester civil case presented false legal citations generated by ChatGPT. It fabricated one case name and provided fictitious excerpts for three real cases, misleadingly supporting the LiP's argument. The judge, upon investigation, found the submissions to be inadvertent and did not penalize the LiP.

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recordType
incident-report
evidenceStatus
reported
region
Global

Reported occurrence date: 2023-05-28T00:00:00.000Z

Evidence & attribution

AI Incident Database, Responsible AI Collaborative; McGregor (2021), Preventing Repeated Real World AI Failures by Cataloging Incidents. Incident-specific contributor credits are available at each citation link. Metadata adapted; article text excluded.

License: CC BY-SA 4.0

First collected: 2026-09-19T22:50:59.123Z. This is not the publication date.

Observed changes

AIIC observation times, not verified publisher revision times. Up to eight recent revisions.

2026-09-20T23:22:28.549Z

  • publishedAt: Not provided2023-05-28T00:00:00.000Z