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One Word, Different Action: A Real-Robot Benchmark for Language-Conditioned Embodied Reasoning

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 4, 2026 · UTC

Changes in natural-language instructions can directly alter the behavior ultimately executed by a robot, but such changes do not always imply that the task itself has changed. We propose One Word, Different Action, a language-conditioned executable decision benchmark based on real-robot physical decision anchors. It evaluates robot behavioral responses under task-preserving and task-changing conditions and examines joint reasoning over multiple task constraints. The benchmark uses decision invariance and decision sensitivity to measure action stability when task semantics are preserved and cor

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