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Vocabulary Growth Fundamentals: Bernstein Functions and Hausdorff Sequences

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Aug 29, 2026 · UTC

We survey the theory of vocabulary growth founded in the setting of stochastic processes. In particular, we model the expected number of types through Bernstein functions and Hausdorff sequences. These classes of mathematical objects, defined by alternating signs of their derivatives or differences, can be related to continuous-time Poisson point processes and discrete-time IID processes, respectively. Building on previous accounts of the vocabulary growth, we integrate the broader theories of Bernstein functions and Hausdorff sequences and connect them with recently developed hapax rate model

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