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HyGRAIL: Cost-Aware and Evidence-Grounded Scientific Hypothesis Discovery over Knowledge Graphs

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 2, 2026 · UTC

Scientific knowledge graphs organize entities and relations extracted from scientific literature, but they remain inherently incomplete. Missing typed links in such graphs can therefore represent plausible scientific hypotheses, such as unexplored associations between materials and applications. However, scientific hypothesis discovery is challenging because true discoveries are extremely sparse among typed candidate pairs: graph neural networks (GNNs) are efficient but unreliable for ambiguous cases, while large language models (LLMs) are knowledgeable but too costly to apply exhaustively and

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