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The Role of Implicit and Explicit Demographic Signals in Large Language Model-based Student Assessment

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 15, 2026 · UTC

Large Language Models are now common in student assessment, but we know little about how student demographics affect their use. Sometimes, considering student demographics may be necessary -- for example, to improve readability for users with lower educational levels. However, it also risks being a cause of discrimination, e.g., when assigning lower scores to students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. We set up controlled prompts to test 1) explicit demographic effects, where we mention demographic details directly, and 2) implicit effects, where we use conversation history as a demographi

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