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Data Scarcity and Model Sparsity: Mixtures-of-Experts Overfit More to Repeated Data

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 10, 2026 · UTC

As the supply of human-written text is exhausted, it has become standard practice to repeat language model training data. Prior work has studied data repetition for densely activated Transformers, but the effects of data repetition remains largely unexplored for recently dominant sparse architectures such as Mixture-of-Experts (MoE), despite their increased compute efficiency. We vary data repetition rates across single- and multi-domain data mixes, and across MoE settings, including expert count and granularity. We consistently find, for models ranging from 80M to 1B active (8.5B total) param

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