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The MAL Simulator: Cyber Operations Simulation based on Attack & Defense Graphs

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 15, 2026 · UTC

We have developed the MAL Simulator, a cyber operation simulator based on the Meta Attack Language (MAL). The MAL Simulator is intended for decision-driven cyber attack and defense simulations, for system analysis and the development of automated agents. By building the simulator around an attack modeling language, it can be adapted to different target domains without modifying the source code. We used the simulator for two case studies where we trained two types of agents for automated cyber operations: a defensive agent and an offensive agent. To ground the experiments, we base the models in

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