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Detecting Deceptive Recruitment: A Signal-theoretic Machine Learning Framework for Early Identification of Labour Exploitation

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 17, 2026 · UTC

Deceptive online job advertisements have emerged as a primary pathway into forced labour, yet systematic detection methods remain underdeveloped due to data scarcity and absence of empirically validated indicators. We formalise this detection challenge as a classification problem under signalling theory, where exploiters transmit costless signals mimicking legitimate communications across textual, visual, and structural dimensions. Using 464 verified cases (164 deceptive, 300 legitimate) collected through anti-slavery charities across nine origin countries and 21 industries, we develop multimo

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