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Privacy-Preserving Split Learning for Federated LLM Fine-Tuning

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 9, 2026 · UTC

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on domain-specific data is essential for downstream adaptation. In many deployments, a participant cannot hold the complete model locally. This happens because the model owner keeps the full model proprietary, or because the participant lacks sufficient compute resources. Split Learning (SL) addresses this by partitioning the model between the participant and a server so that only a small portion runs locally. When the underlying data is additionally distributed across multiple institutions with privacy requirements, Federated Learning (FL) further enab

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