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T-SANDHI: Tone Sandhi-aware Adaptive Network with Decoupled Hybrid Injection for Low-resource Taiwanese Hokkien Speech Recognition

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 16, 2026 · UTC

In Taiwanese Hokkien automatic speech recognition (ASR), prior studies often treat tone sandhi as a major challenge under the assumption that models fail to process implicit phonological variations. However, our experiments on Taiwanese Hokkien reveal that speech foundation models actually handle tone sandhi variations effectively, and the real performance bottleneck stems from a localized confusion between these variations and retained citation tones. To address this, we propose T-SANDHI to explicitly decouple surface acoustics from underlying lexical intent on top of a frozen Whisper backbon

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