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Bidirectional Multimodal Fusion of Sky Images and Time-Series for Solar Forecasting with Large Language Models

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 10, 2026 · UTC

Short-term photovoltaic (PV) power and global horizontal irradiance (GHI) forecasts are essential for effective dispatch, reserve scheduling, and grid operations. At these forecasting horizons, errors are predominantly driven by cloud induced ramps: relying solely on historical numerical data may struggle to anticipate an incoming cloud, making ground-based sky images a crucial complementary physical signal. Furthermore, forecast performance is highly sensitive to location and local observing conditions, creating a strong need for site-specific data that are often scarce. Recently, large langu

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