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Cross-Model Agreement as a Deployment-Time Reliability Signal for Automatic Polyp Segmentation

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 9, 2026 · UTC

In real-time colonoscopy, ground-truth annotations are unavailable at inference, so polyp segmentation models can fail silently. We propose Referee-Based Quality Estimation (RBQE), a reference-free framework measuring agreement between a primary segmentation model and an independently trained referee on the same image. RBQE is evaluated on a standardized 1,223-image external benchmark drawn from four public datasets, using four referee configurations chosen to separate two design axes: referee independence and architectural diversity. Using a common Agreement Dice descriptor, a same-architectu

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