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Beyond Benchmarks: Using VLMs to Reveal Systematic Classification Failures Under Real World Conditions

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 10, 2026 · UTC

Verification and validation (V&V) of classification models is crucial to enable a wide range of sensor processing applications. Currently, the V&V process relies on time-consuming manual inspection of erroneous samples to find meaningful patterns. This work explores the use of Vision Language Models (VLMs) to speed up this laborious process. VLMs are trained to embed images into a semantically meaningful vector representation, from which human-interpretable systematic errors can be distilled. Deploying such VLM-based methods in a defence context introduces two major challenges: (1) the defence

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