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Infra-Bench CLS: A Global, Open-Source Benchmark for Critical Infrastructure Classification with Earth Observation Foundation Models

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 8, 2026 · UTC

Critical infrastructure location data is often incomplete and unevenly distributed globally, especially in developing regions. Earth observation foundation models are proposed as a new step in enabling us to more efficiently understand the natural and built environment, raising questions as to their effectiveness in performing challenging downstream tasks. Yet, foundation models remain largely untested for detecting and classifying the facility-scale critical infrastructure that underpins a range of important societal and economic functions. Subsequently, Infra-Bench CLS is introduced as a ben

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