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The Vibe Shift in Software Engineering: Evaluating AI-Led Conversational Programming for Performance, Cognition, and Responsible Adoption

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 9, 2026 · UTC

This study evaluates Vibe Coding, an emerging AI-led conversational programming paradigm that enables developers to generate software through natural-language interaction with large language models. Using a mixed-methods design, the study assessed performance efficiency, cognitive implications, and responsible adoption in comparison with traditional and AI-assisted coding environments. Thirty participants, including professional developers and advanced computing students, completed equivalent programming tasks under three experimental conditions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descripti

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