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Artificial intelligence and biosecurity: capabilities, threat pathways, and defense-in-depth governance

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 14, 2026 · UTC

Artificial intelligence is reshaping biological research across an increasingly connected digital-to-physical workflow. General-purpose large language models can retrieve and integrate scientific information, support experimental planning, and computational analysis; biological foundation models can predict, optimize, and generate proteins, genes, and genome-scale sequences; agentic systems can coordinate multistep research tasks; automated laboratories can partially close the design-build-test-learn cycle. These technologies could greatly benefit medicine, public health, and biotechnology. Ho

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