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Less Is More: Graph-free Multimodal RAG via Multi-signal Late Fusion

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 16, 2026 · UTC

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is widely used for multimodal, cross-document question answering. However, building corpus-level graphs is expensive, slow to query, and difficult to maintain. We present TrioRAG, a graph-free multimodal framework that integrates evidence from three complementary signals: the question, the anchor image, and a VLM-enhanced query generated from both. Each signal retrieves independently over a shared multi-vector index of page text and page images, and the results are combined through late fusion. Further, we introduce AutoQA, a multimodal automoti

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