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Domain-Specific Jargon in Large Language Models: A Comparative Analysis between General-Purpose and Specialist Models

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 11, 2026 · UTC

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable proficiency on general-purpose tasks, yet their performance often degrades in highly-specialized technical domains. Moreover, little is known about how parametric knowledge of domain-specific terms is encoded within these models. We address this gap by contributing two novel medical jargon evaluation benchmarks and evaluate a general-purpose Llama-3.1 model against a variant fine-tuned on medical-domain data. Surprisingly, the general-purpose model outperforms the medically fine-tuned model on both tasks. Using mechanistic interpretability too

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