2026-09-20T23:22:28.549Z
- publishedAt:
Not provided→ 2025-12-14T00:00:00.000Z
SOURCE-LINKED INTELLIGENCE
Springer Nature Book 'Social, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Generative AI: Tools, Techniques and Systems' Reportedly Published With Numerous Purportedly Fabricated or Unverifiable Citations
'Social, Ethical and Legal Aspects of Generative AI: Tools, Techniques and Systems,' published by Springer Nature in June 2025, reportedly contains numerous purportedly untraceable academic citations. Independent analyses by multiple researchers allegedly found that a substantial share of references in certain chapters could not be verified, including citations to journals that do not exist. Citation patterns reportedly appear consistent with known large language model hallucination behaviors.
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- recordType
- incident-report
- evidenceStatus
- reported
- region
- Global
Reported occurrence date: 2025-06-17T00:00:00.000Z
Evidence & attribution
- AI Incident Database
- AI Incident Database · 2025-12-14T00:00:00.000Z
AI Incident Database, Responsible AI Collaborative; McGregor (2021), Preventing Repeated Real World AI Failures by Cataloging Incidents. Incident-specific contributor credits are available at each citation link. Metadata adapted; article text excluded.
License: CC BY-SA 4.0
First collected: 2026-09-19T22:50:59.123Z. This is not the publication date.
Observed changes
AIIC observation times, not verified publisher revision times. Up to eight recent revisions.