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AgentGrad: Intervention-guided Prompt Optimization for Multi Agent Systems

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 8, 2026 · UTC

Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems (MAS) achieve strong performance by employing specialized multiple agents, yet their performance depends on the prompt design of each agent. For MAS prompt optimization, textual gradient methods that guide prompt updates using natural-language feedback have emerged as a leading paradigm. In this paper, we identify limitations in two stages of existing textual gradient approaches: gradient extraction and gradient aggregation. In gradient extraction, previous works select a target prompt without verifying whether modifying it resolves the fail

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