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Who Teaches Which Token? Verifier-Gated Multi-Expert On-Policy Distillation for Scientific Reasoning

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 14, 2026 · UTC

Multi-teacher on-policy distillation (OPD) is becoming the standard way to integrate specialist capabilities into one model: train experts with RL, then distill them into the student on its own rollouts. Existing recipes assign supervision at the sequence level - each prompt goes to one domain teacher and every token receives the same weight - which implicitly assumes that a teacher is uniformly useful across a response. We find instead that useful teacher signal is sparse and heterogeneous along a reasoning trajectory, which raises a finer question: who should teach which token? Verifier-Gate

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Evidence & attribution

First collected: 2026-09-20T11:41:07.830Z. This is not the publication date.