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Earth Surface Immune System for Rapid Monitoring of Unknown Anomalies

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 17, 2026 · UTC

Earth surface anomalies, driven by escalating climate change, and expanding human activities, are increasing in both frequency and diversity, yet their limited historical data and unpredictability make them fundamentally different from conventional remote sensing targets. Existing methods address specific anomaly categories or stop at localization, leaving a gap between detection and actionable information. Here we present ESIA, an Earth Surface Immune System whose architecture is constrained by three principles from the biological immune system, refined over millions of years against equally

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