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From Pixels to Hierarchical Sequences: Quadtree Mask Encoding for Vision-Language Binary Change Detection

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 9, 2026 · UTC

Dense change detection in remote sensing requires vision-language models (VLMs) to compare bi-temporal images and generate accurate pixel-level masks. Existing VLMs are largely confined to change captioning outputs, and the few that produce pixel-level masks still rely on external decoders or flat text-as-mask serialization, which are less effective for small and fragmented changes. We introduce QUAKE-CD, a framework that recasts dense change prediction as syntax-verifiable structured generation. QUAKE-CD represents binary change masks as grammar-constrained quadtree token sequences, making th

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