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Negative Self-Distillation: Learning to Reason by Avoiding Flaws

arXiv · AI, language, vision and robotics · article · Sep 10, 2026 · UTC

On-Policy Self-Distillation (OPSD) has emerged as a popular paradigm for large language model (LLM) self-improvement, allowing models to act as their own teachers by leveraging privileged information such as ground-truth solutions. However, recent findings indicate that OPSD can severely degrade the performance of LLMs on complex reasoning tasks: By forcing the student to imitate an artificially confident reasoning trace conditioned on privileged information, OPSD inadvertently suppresses expressions of uncertainty and penalizes the exploratory, self-corrective behaviors required to solve chal

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Evidence & attribution

First collected: 2026-09-20T19:02:05.452Z. This is not the publication date.